Ogun State Confirms Lassa Fever Outbreak Following Death of NYSC Member

Tragic Loss: Young NYSC Member Succumbs to Lassa Fever in Ogun

The Ogun State Government has officially declared a Lassa fever outbreak following the tragic death of a 25-year-old National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) member at a secondary healthcare facility in Ijebu North Local Government Area. This development has sent shockwaves through the state’s public health community and raised concerns about potential wider transmission.

The victim, identified as a female corps member originally deployed to Ondo State, began exhibiting symptoms consistent with Lassa fever before being transferred to Ogun State for medical attention. According to official reports, she was admitted on Tuesday, March 18, 2025, and tragically passed away the same day despite medical intervention.

Understanding the Gravity of Lassa Fever

What is Lassa Fever?

Lassa fever is a viral hemorrhagic illness caused by the Lassa virus, which belongs to the arenavirus family. The disease is endemic in West Africa, with Nigeria bearing the brunt of annual outbreaks. Key characteristics include:

• Primary transmission: Through contact with infected multimammate rats (Mastomys natalensis) or their excreta
• Secondary transmission: Human-to-human spread via contact with bodily fluids of infected persons
• Incubation period: Typically 6-21 days
• Case fatality rate: Approximately 15-20% among hospitalized patients, though this can be significantly higher in certain outbreaks

Symptoms and Clinical Presentation

The disease manifests through a range of symptoms that often make early diagnosis challenging:

1. Initial phase (Days 1-3):
   • High-grade fever (≥38.5°C)
   • General malaise and weakness
   • Persistent headache
   • Sore throat and difficulty swallowing
2. Progressive phase (Days 4-7):
   • Nausea and vomiting
   • Diarrhea (may be bloody)
   • Chest and abdominal pain
   • Facial swelling in some cases
3. Severe cases:
   • Hemorrhagic manifestations (bleeding from gums, nose, etc.)
   • Respiratory distress
   • Hypotension and shock
   • Neurological symptoms (hearing loss, tremors, encephalitis)

Ogun State’s Emergency Response Measures

Immediate Containment Actions

The State Ministry of Health, under the leadership of Commissioner Dr. Tomi Coker, has activated a multi-pronged response strategy:

1. Enhanced Surveillance:
   • Active case finding in affected communities
   • Contact tracing of all individuals exposed to the deceased
   • Strengthening of border surveillance with neighboring states
2. Healthcare Facility Preparedness:
   • Distribution of personal protective equipment (PPE) to frontline health workers
   • Establishment of isolation wards in designated treatment centers
   • Training refreshers for medical personnel on case management protocols
3. Public Health Communication:
   • Community sensitization campaigns in high-risk areas
   • Distribution of informational leaflets in local languages
   • Engagement with traditional and religious leaders for awareness

Critical Hotlines for Public Use

The ministry has emphasized the importance of early reporting through dedicated channels:

• State Disease Surveillance Officer: 0703-421-4893
• State Epidemiologist: 0808-425-0881
• Emergency Operations Center: 0800-HELP-NOW

Historical Context and Seasonal Patterns

Lassa Fever in Nigeria: A Recurring Challenge

Nigeria experiences annual outbreaks of Lassa fever, typically peaking during the dry season (December-April). According to Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) data:

• 2024 outbreak: 876 confirmed cases with 168 deaths (CFR: 19.2%)
• 2023 outbreak: 1,067 cases with 227 fatalities
• Five-year trend: Gradual increase in reported cases, attributed to improved surveillance

Ogun State’s Recent History

While not among the traditional high-burden states (like Edo, Ondo, or Bauchi), Ogun has recorded:

• 2024: 14 confirmed cases, 3 deaths
• 2023: 9 cases, 2 fatalities
• Current outbreak marks the first confirmed death in 2025

Expert Recommendations for Prevention

For the General Public

1. Environmental Hygiene:
   • Store food in rodent-proof containers
   • Dispose garbage properly in covered bins
   • Maintain clean living spaces free of clutter
2. Personal Protection:
   • Avoid contact with rats (dead or alive)
   • Use gloves when handling potentially contaminated materials
   • Practice regular handwashing with soap and water
3. Health-seeking Behavior:
   • Seek medical attention for persistent fever (≥48 hours)
   • Avoid self-medication with antibiotics or antimalarials
   • Isolate suspected cases and inform health authorities

For Healthcare Workers

• Universal precautions for all patients
• Early suspicion for febrile illnesses
• Proper sample handling for laboratory confirmation
• Strict isolation protocols for suspected cases

Government’s Commitment and Next Steps

Governor Dapo Abiodun’s administration has pledged:

• Additional funding for emergency response activities
• Collaboration with NCDC and WHO for technical support
• Expansion of diagnostic capacity at state laboratories
• Vaccine preparedness as experimental candidates become available

The State Commissioner for Health emphasized: “We are working round the clock to contain this outbreak. Our rapid response teams have been deployed and we’re implementing all necessary measures to protect our citizens.”

Conclusion: A Call for Vigilance

While the current situation remains contained, public cooperation is essential to prevent further spread. Residents are urged to:

• Remain calm but vigilant
• Report suspicious cases immediately
• Adhere to preventive measures
• Avoid spreading unverified information

The state government promises regular updates as the situation evolves. Health authorities emphasize that with early detection and proper management, Lassa fever can be effectively controlled.

Read also: “Part-Time HND Graduates Left Out: NYSC Mobilization Now Exclusive to Full-Time Students, Says Education Minister”

“This tragic death serves as a stark reminder of the ever-present threat of infectious diseases. We must all play our part in keeping our communities safe.” – Ogun State Ministry of Health

Additional Resources

• Nigeria Centre for Disease Control: www.ncdc.gov.ng
• WHO Lassa Fever Fact Sheet: www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets
• Ogun State Ministry of Health Twitter: @OGSMOH